There is nothing quite like the taste of fresh fruit straight from the garden. Add to this the satisfaction and sense of achievement, the savings, the knowledge that your fruit is free of nasty pesticides and you have some very powerful reasons for growing your own. 

This article recommends pest and disease control through the use of good practice, resistant varieties and low toxicity, environmentally friendly products.

The organic gardening philosophy is to let nature take its course, for all organisms to live in balance and therefore accept a level of pest and disease damage.

However most gardeners want to harvest good crops relatively free of pests and diseases, grown in a safe environmentally sustainable manner.

We endeavour to guide the home gardener to methods of pest and disease control that best suits these needs taking into account

• Good yields, relatively free of pests and diseases
• Using best garden practices to minimise pests and diseases
• Using only safe environmentally friendly products
• Using products that are commonly available in home garden packs and are legally registered and approved for the purpose stated

Minimising Pest and Diseases

Using good basic gardening practices to minimise pests and diseases is common to all gardeners whether conventional or organic. In simple terms, providing the best growing conditions to ensure a strong healthy crop.

The following are the simple basics:

• In heavy soils, raise the planting area above the surrounding soil to ensure good drainage
• Add lots of compost and work into the soil
• Mulching with compost, grass clippings or straw holds in moisture and improves soil structure
• Provide adequate balanced feeding, sheep manure pellets or a fruit tree fertliser
• Water in dry periods
• Practice good garden hygiene by removing all diseased leaves and plants

Using Disease Resistant Varieties

Whilst a few heritage varieties may have disease resistance, there are a range of modern varieties likely to be better. Using disease resistant varieties will ensure better crops, greatly minimising the need to use fungicides. Ask our garden centre advisor for varieties best suited to your area and resistant to disease.

Using Biological Controls

Biological control involves using another living organism to attack the bad one. This is becoming common with commercial growers, but these organisms are not available to home gardeners. What can be done however, is to endeavour to use only pesticides that are soft on desirable insects such as bees, ladybirds and predator mites.

Using Pesticides

If good gardening practices are followed and disease resistant varieties used, use of pesticides can be minimised.

There is a range of very low toxicity, environmentally friendly pesticides available to home gardeners. Also be aware that some pesticides are toxic, both chemical and natural organic. Being natural organic doesn’t necessarily make it safe.

Follow the charts attached to this brochure which are accurate and comply with legal / registration requirements.

Prevention is better than cure. Once you have gained experience and are aware of what pests and disease attack which crops, you will be able to anticipate and spray at the first sign, a method that is more effective and minimises pesticide use.

Follow recommended spray programmes for each type of fruit, especially the early season preventative sprays. 

What to Use

When deciphering the best pesticide to use consider that pesticides will vary greatly in effectiveness.

• Different pests and diseases attack different fruits
• Most pesticides are only approved for use on some fruits
• Withholding periods also vary between pesticides and between different fruits
• Whilst organic pesticides are usually safer (but not always) they are generally less effective
• Synthetic pesticides approved for home garden use are very low toxicity compared to commercially available pesticides. So much so, that they are often less toxic and more environmentally friendly than an organic equivalent

For further information please see our Fruit Pest and Disease chart. This chart sets out what pesticide can be used for each pest or disease on each type of fruit. It also gives three choices - organic, environmentally friendly or other pesticides approved for use.

Withholding Periods

The NZ Food Safety Authority has set withholding periods for each pesticide, and particular crop. The withholding period is the period that must elapse between spraying and harvesting, and is on the label of each product.

Withholding periods have been set after rigorous testing to ensure pesticide residues have decayed to barely detectable levels well below any risk to people or the environment.

Most home garden pesticides have withholding periods of 3 to 14 days. Always check the label.

If it is necessary to spray insect pests close to or during harvest use an insecticidal soap such as Yates Natures Way Insect spray, Tui Eco Pest, or Yates Pyrethrum. 

Always Read the Label

• The label is a legal document for registered pesticides
• Take normal precautions when handling concentrates during mixing
• Wash hands thoroughly after using
• Store pesticides out of reach of children